What is peer review?
According to Gannon (2011), peer review is a review process that has been using frequently to
determine the achievement of academic which an author’s article is reviewed by
other author from the same field. Academic publishing units mainly use peer review method to select and
filter manuscript submissions and academic research funding providers also
widely use peer review method to determine whether to grant funds or provide scholarship
to the author. In other words, peer
review is to allow various experts from the field that related to the article
title that awaiting to be published to provide their opinions in order to assist
editors in the process of judging whether an article is suitable for
publication.
Peer review such as
single blind review is a type of peer review where the author does not know who
the reviewers are and has been using frequently in peer review among science
journals. Moreover, social science and humanities journals were most common in
using the double blind review where the reviewers do not know about the
authors, and vice versa. Open peer review referred to the identity of the
author and the reviewers are known by all participants and the article and the
review can be published together in final article if only the article is
acceptable (Wiley, 2018).
Peer review has its
advantages and disadvantages when it applied as a critique tool. Peer review
does allow the reviewer to make judgment about the quality of an article of research
work although the process is not perfect. Any personal biases and pre-set ideas
from the equation are able to be removed through diversified opinions has been
brought to the table. Not only journals have applied peer review but also
standard textbooks of University and grant applications (Shuttleworth, 2018). The delivery process of
excellent information to students was identified by the peer review process.
However, there are still some
existing limitations of peer review. Reviewing a paper is a fairy exhausting
task and the editorial office does not provide compensation to those reviewers
for it, which makes some professors unwilling to spend too much effort in this
process. There are many reviewers who were
not fair enough and subjective at the time processing peer review (Shuttleworth, 2018). This is one of the
reasons why the scientific community distinguishes factions from the others and
draws relations with each other for public relations. When an author is
familiar with many peers, he is more likely to receive a positive evaluation in
peer review.
Although some biases appealed in
the peer review process, but valuable judgments are matter for public contents
to prevent an article over estimated. There are a lot of efforts that needed to
be paid to publish an honorable article due to the strict level of peer review.
On other hands, there will be some successful peoples that overcome a series of
opposition and finally their persistence has leaded them to immortal
achievement, such as the founder of Alibaba, Jack Ma, and George Walton Lucas
Jr, director of Star Wars.
References
Gannon, F. (2018) The essential role of peer review. EMBO Reports, May, 2(9), pp.743. [Online].
Available from:NCBI Education. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084042/
[Accessed 13 April 2018].
Wiley. (2018) Types of
Peer Review. [Online]. Available from: https://authorservices.wiley.com/Reviewers/journal-reviewers/what-is-peer-review/types-of-peer-review.html
[Accessed 13 April 2018].
Shuttleworth, M. (2018) Advantages
of Peer Reviews. [Online] Available from: https://explorable.com/advantages-of-peer-reviews
[Accessed 13 April 2018].
Shuttleworth, M. (2018) Disadvantages
of Peer Reviews. [Online]. Available from: https://explorable.com/disadvantages-of-peer-reviews
[Accessed 13 April 2018].
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